‘Empowerment’ and ‘Participation’ Have Become Widely Used...

Looking at the two words empowerment and participations, it can touch many different aspects within the youth and the community work profession. Firstly, it is seen that their are many areas of the community that need to be empowered. Empowerment has not one definition but it means many different things to different people and organisations. The Youth Justice Board (n.d) is seen to indentify empowerment within the youth work practise to be giving the power and courage to young people to be involved and have there say. Whereby giving young people the opportunity to be more engaged in activities by doing there best. Which then links in to participation, which is another concept or a ‘buzz word’ that is used within a community setting. Just†¦show more content†¦Overall, creating an environment in which these people can feel comfortable and to take control of there lives. It has been argued that there are many theories in which empowerment happens within society. Freire (1972) suggested that there is a four step process that empowerment can take place. The first process is banking education, which is described as the first step with an individual’s education. Banking is seen to be the method in which people learn from teachers, therefore being conditioned by society. In essence, learning from learning information from a different avenue, such as the media and family. The next step is conscientization, which is seen to be a process in which individuals to start to think in a critically. Whereby a critical awareness is learnt, therefore asking questions about the subject. Next to consider is the dialogic method, which is where individuals work together as a team to create empowerment. This is done by co creating a mutual understanding with a group of people. The final step of the process is called praxis, which is part where the individual puts the theological knowledge that they have learnt in to practice. This stage is where action – reflection – action cycle occurs. Moreover, being an activity in which together, individuals will create a culture and society. The word empowerment has a significant part to play within theShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesor likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. Many of the designations by manufacturers and seller to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of CongressRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesorganisational theory currently available. 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Illegal Immigration Is An Example Of One Of Many Things...

Introduction Illegal immigration is defined as the journey of people through nationwide borders in a way that violates the immigration regulations. Most states have many illegal immigrants. Immigration, as well as illegal immigration, is overwhelmingly rising, from a minor to a wealthier country. On the other hand, illegal immigrants tend not to be the poorest in the residents they move away from. Illegal immigration has many negative and positive effects everywhere it is. Crime is an example of one of many things illegal immigration has an effect on. The Rio Grande valley is affected in many ways because of the effects illegal immigration brings, some of those effects include public effects, financial effects, political effects, environmental effects among others. There’s many sides to the problems Illegal immigration brings, not only does it affect people living there but it mostly affects all the other immigrants wanting a better life for themselves. Objective conditions According to Emerick, today 11 percent of U.S residents are immigrants with recent estimates reaching 1.2 million immigrants entering the United States annually (363). Latinos and immigrants are quickly increasing sectors of the U.S population and a focus of the debates about crime in the social media and politics. The truth about crime as researched by the criminological theory states that the theory of illegal immigration promoting crime activity is not supported in studies. The fact thatShow MoreRelatedEssay on Why should the U.S have border patrol?1611 Words   |  7 Pagesthe U.S have border patrol? Illegal immigrants have always been a problem in the United States for some time now. â€Å"In October 2008, the illegal immigrant population stood at 11.9 million according to the Pew Hispanic Center† (Illegal Immigration Facts Statistics†). 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Gap Model in Services Marketing Free Essays

The GAP MODEL in SERVICES MARKETING GAP 1 The gap between the customer expected service and company perception of customer expectation. |Inadequate market research. |Design, conduct and implement appropriate market research. We will write a custom essay sample on Gap Model in Services Marketing or any similar topic only for you Order Now | |Poor communication between customers and management and between|Design and implement an upward communications programme. | |front line employees and managers. | | |Lack of, or poor marker segmentation. Build customer relationships through market segmentation | | |techniques and customer retention strategies | |Focus on transactions rather than relationships. | | | | | |Focus on new customers rather than existing customers. | | GAP 2 The gap between company perception of customer expectations and development of customer driven service designs and standards. |Lack of standardization of Service behavior |Reengineering | |actions. | | | | | |Lack of formal process for setting service |Establish the Service Encounter sequence | |quality goals. | | | | |Lack of customer defined standards. |Identify existing or desired service encounter sequence. | | | | | |Translate customer expectations into behaviors and actions. | | | | |Select behavior and actions for standards | | | | | |Select appropriate ‘Hard’ and ‘Soft’ standards | | | | | |Enable feedback mechanisms for measurement to standards | | | | | |Establish measures and target levels | | | | | |Track measures vs. tandards | | | | | |Give performance to employees | | | | |Inadequate service Leadership |Synthesizing, articulating, promoting commitment and implementing the service | | |vision. (The leadership model). | | | |Lack of understanding that that quality |PIMS research. | |service is indeed a profit strategy | | | | | |Incomplete performance appraisal system |In addition to financial measures include, the customer perspective, the | | |operational perspective and the innovative perspective to performance appraisal. | GAP 3 The Gap between Customer driven service designs and standards and service delivery. The Employees’ roles in service delivery |Human Resources Strategies | | | | |Ineffective recruitment |Hire the right people | |Role ambiguity and role conflict | | |Poor employee-technology-job fit |Develop people to deliver service quality | |Inappropriate evaluation and compensation systems| | |Lack of empowerment and teamwork |Provide needed support systems | | | | | |Retain the best people | | | | | |(Details in the human resource strategies wheel pg 312 Zeithaml) | |Key factors related to Intermediaries |Strategies for effective service delivery through intermediaries | | | |Channel conflict over objectives and performance |Develop and implement: | |Channel conflict over costs and rewards |Control strategies | |Difficulty controlling quality and consistency |Empowerment strategies | |across outlets |Partnering Strategies | |Tension between empowerment and control | | |Channel ambiguity | | |Key factors related to Customers |Strategies for enhancing customer participation | | | | |Customers lack understanding of their roles |Define customers job | |Customers unwilling or unable to perform their |Recruit, Educate and reward customers | |roles |Manage the customer mix | |Customers are not rewarded for good performance | | |Other customers interfere | | |Market segments are incomplete | | |Key factors related to demand and capacity |Strategies for matching supply and demand | | | | |Failure to smooth peaks and valleys of demand |Match supply and demand through (i) shifting demand to match capacity or | |Overuse of capacity |(ii) flexing capacity to meet demand | |Attracting inappropriate customer segments to |Demonstrate the benefits and risks of yield management strategies in | |build demand |establishing balances mong the service variables | |Relying too much on price to smooth demand |Manage waiting lines for time when capacity and demand cannot be aligned | |Legal and Cultural barriers in International |Opportunities in International services | |marketing |Adapting the service | | |Adapting promotion and distribution | | |Adapting entry modes | | |Adapting communications | | |Adapting workforce management | | |Adapting service employees incentives | | |Adapting service standards | | |Adapting market research internationally | GAP 4 The Gap between Service Delivery and External communications to Customers Factors relating to communications |Strategies to match service promise with delivery | | | | |Inadequate management of service promises |Manage service promises | |Over promising in advertising and personal selling|Reset custome r expectations | |Insufficient customer education |Improve customer education | |Inadequate horizontal communication |Manage horizontal communications | |Differences in policies and procedures across | | departments | | |Key factors relating to pricing |Pricing Strategies | | | | |Assuming customers have reference price for | | |services |Match customer perception of value with appropriate pricing strategy that | |Narrowly defining price as monetary cost |match each customer definition | |Signaling wrong quality level with inappropriate |Cost based | |price |Demand based | |Not understanding customer value definitions |Competition based | |Not matching price strategy to customer value |Value based | |definitions | | |Key factors related to Physical Evidence |Physical evidence strategy | | | | |Incompatible or inconsistent physical evidence | | |Over promising through physical evidence |Recognize the strategic impact of physical evidence | |Lack of physical evidence strateg y |Map the physical evidence of services | | |Clarify roles of the services cape | | |Assess and identify physical evidence opportunities | | |Be ready to update and modernize the evidence | | |Work cross-functionally | How to cite Gap Model in Services Marketing, Essays

Information Technology and Human Resource

Question: 1.Create a table Contains Literature Review about Information Technology and Human Resource. 2.What are the Relationship between Information Technology and Human Resource? Introduction: The study focuses on information technology and human resource. The first part of the study is based on the literature review of the two broad topics and the later part states the relationship between the two. Literature review: Information technology: Resources Analysis Davenport, T. H. (2013).Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology. Harvard Business Press. As stated by Davenport, (2013), information technology is regarded as an essential tool that helps to enhance the competitiveness of the economy of a country because there is a consensus that IT has a significant impact on the productivity of a firm. Diffusion of Innovation theory states that individuals have different degrees of willingness to adopt the innovations. Thus, according to the degree of adoption, individuals have been termed as innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority and laggards (Schwalbe, 2015). However, the innovation technique is much more complex and involves a number of individuals who play the role in the innovation decision making. Bilbao-Osorio, B., Dutta, S., Lanvin, B. (2013, April). The global information technology report 2013. InWorld Economic Forum(pp. 1-383). Another important application of information technology has been pointed out by Davenport, (2013), in the context of Technology, organization and the environment. These three aspects adopt and implement the technological innovations. For instance, in the regular business activities, the application of IT is immense. In the view point of Bilbao-Osorio, Dutta and Lanvin, (2013), one cannot think of the recent technological and business situation without the application of information technology. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. The social construction of technology theory states that it is not the technology that shapes the human action but it is the human action that determines the utilization of the technology (Davenport, 2013). Certain factors like interpretative flexibility, relevant social group, closure and stabilization and even the political and the socio-cultural groups of a society largely put impact on the application of the information technology in regular activities. Human Resource: Resources Analysis Gatewood, R., Feild, H. S., Barrick, M. (2015).Human resource selection. Nelson Education. Human labor or the human capital includes the manpower, individual or simply people. They are the group of people who are responsible for carrying out the entire organizational activities. An organization or the management is largely depended on the human resource of the organization. Human resource is the management activity that deals with entirely with the work process and activities of an organization. These activities include recruiting, retaining as well as motivating the employees to carry on their roles and responsibilities effectively. As stated by Gatewood, Field and Barrick, (2015), human resource or the workers of an organization are the reservoirs of untapped resources. They are the resources that the management of an organization utilizes for their skills and abilities to gain major returns in term of productivity as well as services. Brewster, C., Mayrhofer, W., Morley, M. (Eds.). (2016).New Challenges for European Resource Management. Springer. The presence of human resource has resulted in the formation of human resource department and a team of human resource management at the organization that are based for looking at the human resource activities. Reading Sparrow, Brewster and Chung, (2016), it has been found that every production, manufacturing or any service oriented organization requires human resource to carry out their regular business activities. Personal opinion: It is important to take proper action to take care of the human resource of the organization. In addition to this, the management is also responsible for enhancing the performance of the employees by the means of motivating the employees. The need of the human resource includes a proper deal against discrimination or inequality. Application of information technology can enhance the activity of the human resource. 2.Relationship between human resource and information technology: The relationship between human resource and information technology is based on the rate of adoption. As it has been evident that it depends on the degree of the adaptation of the capability of a person to be able to utilize the resources available as the information technology (Brewster, Mayrhofer Morley, 2016). It has also been found that by using various tools of information technology, it is possible to enhance the capability of the human resource. Information technology actually makes the job of the human resource easier and faster. A complex organizational activity can be easily turned into a simple one by the means of applying the information technology at the work place (Sparrow, Brewster Chung, 2016). With the use of new technology, the employees even depend on the availability of the technology for the purpose of carrying out their work activities. Thus, it can be said that technology actually helps to improve the capability of the human resource. Conclusion: The discussion based on two important aspects, the human resource and the information technology. It has been found that the impact of information technology is high in everyday activities and the human resource gets largely benefited by using the information technology. References: Bilbao-Osorio, B., Dutta, S., Lanvin, B. (2013, April). The global information technology report 2013. InWorld Economic Forum(pp. 1-383). Brewster, C., Mayrhofer, W., Morley, M. (Eds.). (2016).New Challenges for European Resource Management. Springer. Davenport, T. H. (2013).Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology. Harvard Business Press. Gatewood, R., Feild, H. S., Barrick, M. (2015).Human resource selection. Nelson Education. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C., Chung, C. (2016).Globalizing human resource management. Routledge.